Continuing the story of my mum’s side of the family I wanted
to see what I could find out about Auntie Gladys.
Thomas’s first wife Alice Laura Harding née Wesley died in 1939
and Thomas went on to marry Gladys in 1948. I was born in the same year so always assumed
Gladys was my grandmother, although oddly we called her Auntie!
Back row left to right Auntie Gladys, Barbara Fisher nee Flitney, Rene Flitney nee Harding
Front Sue Poulter nee Flitney
From long ago conversations with mum I believe granddad
originally employed Gladys as his housekeeper, after a while they became close
and eventually married. Gladys was very sweet but also rather unworldly, and it
was assumed granddad wanted to look after her. My sister remembered Gladys
having a sister called Nora and that tiny piece of information helped
tremendously when it came to tracking down the family.
The wedding of Thomas Harding and Gladys Cizilinsky, the
lady behind the bride and groom is Glady’s sister Leonora.
Gladys was born in 1913 two years after her sister
Leonora. Both girls were born in Hendon
(an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex now forming part of Greater
London) Their mother Edith Mahala Phillips was born in Camden Town in 1883 and
in 1910, she married Ferdinand Czilinsky a carver on wood and ivory.
Ferdinand’s father, Ferdinand Czilinsky the elder, settled
the family in London. He was born In Mainz in 1835. As a young man he worked in
Paris, where his first son, August, and his daughter Augusta were born. In
London he and his wife Maria had another six children, including sons Emil
Lorenz and Ferdinand junior (Gladys's father). By the time of the 1881 census, the
family were living in Hoxton (London). Ferdinand senior made his living as a ‘carver
in wood’ and fifteen-year-old August was also listed as a carver.
Later, Emil and Ferdinand junior would also train
as carvers in wood and ivory. It’s not clear if the family were employed as
outworkers but that was often the case. In any case, the family were known to
supply carved wooden and ivory handles in the form of animal heads that could
be attached to either umbrellas or walking sticks. In 1930, a dozen Czlinsky’s
assorted small walking stick heads cost around twenty shillings. Amazing to think that one walking stick with a Czlinksy handle now
sells for hundreds if not thousands of pounds.
On the right; hazel walking stick with integral handle
carved in the form of a Scottish terrier's head, c1920-40, almost certainly by
a member of the Czilinsky family. The dogs head on the left is another example
of their work.
In later years, Ferdinand senior lived at 6, Tytherton Road,
Tufnell Park, with his son Ferdinand junior and possibly other members of his
family. His eldest son August was married to Elizabeth and they and their five
children were living at West Ham. Emil had also moved away but on New Year’s
Eve (1902) he was at home with his father, and that was how he came to be
involved in a dispute with the local authorities culminating in Ferdinand
senior and his two sons appearing at the Old Bailey in February 1903.
Ferdinand Senior had already been in trouble with the law prior to his appearance at The Old Bailey as shown in this report from The
London Evening News of October, 1985.
Sued for rates, and pleads he was not liable because he was in
prison. At the Clerkenwell County Court, yesterday, before Judge Meadows, Q.
C., Ferdinand Czilinsky, a Pole with a strong native accent and described as a
carver in wood and ivory, carrying on a business in Islington was
sued for £1. 9s. 6d, a quarter’s rents.
Defendant: During that time I could not earn my living.
The Judge: What do you mean?
Defendant: "I vos vorking at the hardest labours for the most
cruel sentence of ze magistrates! It VOS injustice, sob!" (Loud laughter.)
The Judge: Then the country was providing for you, and your
defence is that as you were all the time in prison, you are not liable even
though your family continued to occupy the place?
As the defendant’s excitement increased when his honour gave
judgement against him, he had to be removed from the witness box by the constable. Cizilinsky left shouting that he would appeal to the Queen and the House of Lords.
His brushes with the law continued to escalate over the following years as this from the London North
Mercury and Crouch End Observer of November 18th, 1899 attests;
A Remarkable Defendant.
At 6, Tytherton Road, Holloway,
lives a remarkable old man named Ferdinand Czilinsky, whose name has frequently
been before the Vestry for neglecting to provide certain sanitary improvements.
Defendant has been before the Court several times and defied the Vestry in
every way, threatening the sanitary officers if they entered his premises, and
issuing literature alleging wrong-doing against the local authority. His latest
effort in this line of defence has been the hanging of a sheet from his house
on which were set forth that all might read the evil deeds and misdoings of the
Vestry and its officials. The magistrate fined him £10 with 2s. (two shillings)
costs
Ten pounds and two shillings (in old money) was surely a huge sum to find when you consider a dozen walking stick handles were selling for approximately twenty shillings (£1.00).
The obvious ill feeling between the authorities and some
members of the Czilinsky family came to a head in 1903.
This from The Echo, Thursday, January 15, 1903;
Holloway Sword Fight;
At the Clerkenwell Police Court to-day Ferdinand Czilinsky
(67) a carver, of 6, Tytherton-road, Tufnell-Park, was charged on remand with
attempting to murder Police Constable Hyde, by stabbing him on the right hand.
Ferdinand Czilinsky (23) and Emile Czilinsky (28), both ivory carvers, and sons
of the older prisoner, were charged on remand with assaulting the police
officer.
The report goes on to say;
The circumstances of the charge will be fresh in the minds
of our readers. Police constable Hyde went to arrest the elder prisoner for
non-payment of rates, and when the officer at length gained entrance to the
room Ferdinand Czilinsky lunged at him with a sword, cutting his right thumb,
afterwards saying he would have shot him if the officer had not been so quick. P. C. Poole, said that Czilinsky senior was so
violent, that he had to be carried downstairs. During the descent he repeated
the threat to shoot the officers.
Ferdinand Czilinsky the elder was charged with feloniously
wounding George Hyde with intent to murder, to do grievous bodily harm, and to
disable with intent to resist apprehension. Ferdinand Czilinsky the younger and
his brother Emil were charged with assaulting a constable in the execution of
duty, obstruction and unlawful wounding. By the time the case came to court the charge against all three had changed to unlawful assault of a police officer in the execution of
his duty.
The trial provides many interesting snippets about Ferdinand seniors working life and his rather quarrelsome nature. His counsel described him as ‘one of the most expert carvers in London’, and argued that much of the commotion on the night of 31st December 1902 was caused by the police tripping over boards of pear wood stacked in the hallway. In the ensuing melee Police constable Hyde also had an unhappy encounter with something he described as a rapier. This was probably one of the narrow blades typically used in sword sticks. The trial is well document online and for anyone with an interest in the details, the full account can be read here. (This is a full day’s court proceedings so be prepared to scroll through the pages to find the case.)
After the commotion of the trial, Ferdinand junior and Emil
continued to work with their father until his death in 1907. His eldest son
August had struck out by himself and at the time of the 1891 census, he was
working on his own account as a carver in wood and ivory from his house in Mile
End. By the time of the 1911 census two of his other sons, Alfred and Percy,
were working alongside him as carvers in wood.
A lot has been written on the Internet and elsewhere about Ferdinand seniors irascible nature but for all that he was an incredibly talented man. This image of an automated cockatoo's head carved from ivory surely proves the point.
Ivory - an emotive subject.
London was the world’s busiest ivory market during the
nineteenth century, as can be seen in this article from the Omaha Daily Bee of 9th July, 1899;
One of the most interesting warehouses at the London docks
is that which contains ivory. Here the ivory is collected for the great sales by
auction which take place quarterly. These constitute the largest ivory sales in
the world, some ninety tons being sold at each sale at a rough aggregate of
$500,000
These figures may seem large, but it should be remembered
that the world’s annual consumption of ivory is estimated at something like
1,500,000 pounds, valued at $4,500,000 and to supply this amount 70,000 elephants
must be killed. The consumption in Sheffield alone requires the annual
slaughter of 22,000 animals….
The figures are truly shocking but possibly more upsetting
is to realise that ivory poaching in Africa was still a massive problem in the
1970s and 1980s, and the trade was only banned in 1989. The laws are confusing, but the basic premise
now states it is legal to sell any carved ivory item if you can prove it was
worked before 1947. Anything worked after that date is illegal to sell.
I feel sure Ferdinand Cizilinsky the elder would have
plenty to say on the subject of ivory, just as he did on so many other subjects.
Sources;
Find my past, www.findmypast.co.uk/
The British Newspaper Archive, www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk
Online archives at Christie's and Sotheby's auctions.
The proceedings of the Old Bailey www.oldbaileyonline.org
In good hands 250 years of craftsmanship by Katherine Prior ISBN 978-1-898565-09-3
